以1013.2 hPa(QNE)为基准面,对符合英制高度层配备标准的高度,使用汉语读法时,按照分别读出万位、千位和百位上数字 的读法。例如,F320读作“三两洞”。高度层低于10000ft时,读作x千英尺。例如,9000ft读作“九千英尺”。使用英语读法时,按照国际民航组织的发音,在Flight Level后逐位读出万位、千位和百位上的数字。例如,F320读作“Flight Lever Tree Two Zero”
当高度指令涉及公英制高度层转换 时,为避免单位混淆,英制高度层的首次英语读法按照国际民航组织的发音,在Flight Level后逐位读出万位、千位和百位上的数字;汉语读法读作x万x千英尺。例如,F320读作“Flight Level tree two zero/三万两千英尺”符合我国高度层的首次英语读法为x Tousand x Hundred Meters,汉语读法为x万x千x百米。例如,S0980读作“Niner tousand two hundred meters/九千八百米”
作为极少数引导最后进近(雷达)管制单位的呼号,大多数的进场雷达管制呼号为“进近”,例如广州进场;北京首都机场的进场雷达管制席位呼号在实际运行中呼号为“五边(Final)”,模拟飞行中使用后缀简写“FNL”,后缀英文简呼为“Final”。具体各个进近管制单位(扇区)标准呼号请根据AIP AD 2.18或AIP ENR 2.2.1查询
航空器经营人的无线电呼号加航班号,航空器经营人呼号的英语发音按照国际民航组织指定的无线电呼号读出。中国的航空公司呼号汉语发音按照中国民航规定的呼号读出。航班号的字母全部按照字母英语标准发音逐位读出,数字应按照数字的汉语、英语标准发音逐位读出。例如,CES747,读作“东方拐四拐/China Eastern Seven Four Seven”。航空器经营人的无线电呼号见附录B,国内及国外主要航空公司无线电呼号
航空器的注册号:注册号字母和数字应按照字母和数字的标准发音逐位读出。通常用于公务机或未交给运营人之前的测试飞行时使用。例如,N818B,读作“November Eight One Eight Bravo”、B3092,读作“Bravo 三洞九两/Bravo Tree Zero Niner Two”
如果航空器是重型航空器,在第一次呼叫塔台或进近管制单位时,在呼号后紧跟“Heavy”。例如,“东方拐四拐Heavy/China Eastern Seven Four Seven Heavy”。如果航空器是超重型航空器(A380),在第一次呼叫塔台或进近管制单位时,在呼号后紧跟“Super”,例如,“南方三洞洞洞Super/China Southern Tree Zero Zero Zero Super”。
P: CES747,听你2个,调整你的发射机。/CES747, I read you 2, adjust your transmitter.
其他情况
我听不见你。/You are unreadable
我听不见你。/I can't hear you.
我听你有断续。/You are cut in and out.
你信号不太好。/Your singnal is weak.
听你三个,有杂音。/Read you 3 loud background whistle.
ATIS
ATIS定义
ATIS(Automatic Terminal Information Service,自动终端情报服务) 是在繁忙的机场自动连续播放的信息服务,通常在一个单独的无线电频率上进行广播,包括主要的与飞行相关的信息,如天气、可用跑道、气压及高度表拨正值等信息。飞行员通常在和管制员等单位建立联系前收听通播,了解相关情况以减少管制员的工作量及避免频道拥挤。在非常繁忙的机场还会分为离场ATIS和进场ATIS。正常情况下通播每小时更新一次,天气变化迅速时也可随时更新,依次以字母代码 A, B, C...Z 表示,按照标准字母读法阅读。
ATIS结构
通常情况下,ATIS的结构为:
(机场)情报通播/Information(通播代码),(UTC时间),(使用跑道、进近方式、多跑道运行模式),(气象条件),(过渡高度、过渡高度层),(空中交通服务单位无线电通讯频率),(机场特请插播),(PBN运行情况),首次与管制员联络时,报告您已收到情报通播(通播代码)/Advise on initial contact you have information(通播代码)
Zhengzhou Xinzheng Airport Information V, 1500 UTC. Departure runway 30L, landing runway 30R, runway 30R ILS approach, runway 30R localizer frequency 110.70. Segregated parallel opeartion. Surface wind variable at 01 meter per second, visibility 3000 meters. Moderate intensity mist. Overcast celling 900 meters, temperature 21 centigrade, dew point 20 centigrade. QNH 1004 hectopascal. Transition altitude 3000 meters, transition level 3600 meters. Approach frequency on 120.275, runway 30L tower frequency on 118.30, runway 30R tower frequency on 118.075, apron south frequency on 121.975, apron north frequency on 121.70. Aircraft request push back and start-up, please contact Zhengzhou apron. VOR LRU closed is under maintenance, the related procedure is not available. Departure aircraft using runway 30L shall finish runway alignment within 45 seconds after receiving ATC instructions of entering runway. If flight crew consider that they can not fulfill the process within the required time, pilot shall inform tower controller before reaching the runway holding point. RNAV procedure is available. Advise on initail contact, you have informaition V.
C: CSN3338, copy weather info., surface wind 320 degrees at 2 meters per second, visibility above 10 kilometers, scattered, celling 450 meters, temperature 23 centigrade, dew point 21 centigrade. QNH 1007.
ATC放行许可(ATC Clearance)包括的内容可以简称为CRAFT,具体内容,
Cleared——可以放行至
Route——计划航路、SID(标准仪表离港程序)
Altitude——起始高度、巡航高度
Frequency——离地后初始频率
Transponder code——应答机编码
例1,
P: 昆明放行,CSN6404,目的地重庆,请示放行,通波X收到。/Kunming Delivery, CSN6404, destination Chongqing. Request ATC clearance. We have info. X
C: CSN6404,通波X有效可以按计划航路放行至重庆,跑道21号,DADOL-9Y离港,起始高度修正海压3000,巡航高度S0750,应答机2106,进近频率120.35。/CSN6404, Kunming Delivery. Info. X is valid. Cleared to Chongqing via your flight plan route. Runway 21, follow DADOL-9Y departure. Initial climb to and maintain 3000 meters on QNH. Crusing level S0750. Squawk 2106. Approach frenquency on 120.35.
P: 可以按计划航路放行至重庆,跑道21号,DADOL-9Y离港,起始高度修正海压3000,巡航高度S0750,应答机2106,进近频率120.35,CSN6404。/Cleared to Chongqing via flight plan route. Runway 21, follow DADOL-9Y departure. Initial climb to and maintain 3000 meters on QNH. Crusing level S0750. Squawk 2106. Approach frenquency on 120.35. CSN6404.
C: CSN6404,复诵正确,准备好报。/CSN6404, read back is correct, call when ready.
例2,
C: GCR7528,通波X有效,可以按计划航路放行至西安,巡航高度S0920,跑道08,离地后保持一边,高度1200后左转航迹030,起始高度修正海压2100,应答机2106,进近频率125.55。/GCR7528, info. X is valid. Cleared to Xi'an via your flight plan route, crusing level S0920. Runway 08, after airborn, continue runway heading. Initial climb to and maintain 2100 meters on QNH. Squawk 2106. Approach frenquency on 125.55.
例3,
C: CCA1387,天津地面,通波X有效,可以按计划航路放行至广州,跑道使用16R,起始高度修正海压600,离地后保持一边联系进近127.9,雷达引导到VYK,巡航高度S1040,应答机4121。/CCA1387, info. X is valid. Cleared to Guangzhou via your flight plan route. Runway use 16R, initial climb to and maintain 600 meters on QNH. After airborn continue runway heading, contact approach on 127.9, radar vector to VYK, crusing level S1040, squawk 4121.
P:可以按计划航路放行至广州,跑道使用16R,起始高度修正海压600,离地后保持一边联系进近127.9,雷达引导到VYK,巡航高度S1040,应答机4121,CCA1387。/Cleared to Guangzhou via your flight plan route. Runway use 16R, initial climb to and maintain 600 meters on QNH. After airborn continue runway heading, contact approach on 127.9, radar vector to VYK, crusing level S1040, squawk 4121. CCA1387.
C: CCA1387复诵正确,起飞时间1530,推出开车自己掌握。/CCA1387, read back is correct, departure time is 1530, push back and start-up at own discretion.
Tip: #上文中提到多,只有极少数的机场设有“离场”席位,例如北京,其余的大部分机场仅设置“进近”席位,所以在放行许可中提到离地后初始频率,应按照席位呼号发布,大部分机场是“进近频率”,而非“离场频率” 若机场不设置进近管制区,离地后需要与塔台频率保持常守,则不发布离地后的初始频率,发布初始联系的区域管制频率,例如对于西双版纳离场的航空器,发布“昆明(区域)频率125.75/Kunming(Control) Frequency on 125.75”。 若机场设置进近管制区但暂不开放,由塔台管制席代管(塔台进近合并),为避免航空器离地后误转频率,应发布“离地后保持常守/After airborn remine remain in this frequency”指令。